ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that arises due to absolute or relative lack of insulin production by the beta-cells of the pancreas. Impaired secretion of this protein affects glucose metabolism, and consequently, results in hyperglycemia. Unregulated levels of blood glucose can lead to several debilitating conditions such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and amputations of extremities. About 90 to 95% of the patients are affected by type 2 diabetes which is characterized primarily by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and beta-cell dysfunction. Trace elements facilitate numerous biochemical reactions including those related to insulin and glucose metabolism. Aim of the study: To compare the trace element concentrations T2DM patients and healthy agematched controls. Materials and methods: The Study includes 22 types of II diabetic patients as cases and 22 normal individuals as controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), in this cationic study, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium were measured in plasma of T2DM and compare with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected into labeled centrifuge tubes, after an 8–12 hours overnight fast, from the subjects by venepuncture. The blood Jaiprabu Jayaraj, Pandiamunian Jayabal. Comparative study on selective trace elements in T2DM patients in correlations with their HbA1c level in tertiary care hospital in Karaikal district. IAIM, 2019; 6(7): 7-16. Page 8 samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min using a desktop centrifuge and the serum separated and kept in labeled sample bottles at −70°C until further analysis. Results: The results showed that the plasma of T2DM patients contains significant (p<0.05) more sodium, calcium, copper, zinc, and magnesium compared to the plasma of age healthy age-matched controls. The results also showed that there was no change in potassium levels comparing control with T2DM patients. However, T2DM patients had significantly (p<0.05) less iron compared to agematched healthy controls. Conclusion: The present study provides significant evidence showing that altered metabolism of Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mg is strongly associated with the increased levels of HbA1c. These associations might represent a risk factor for the development of diabetic complications. Our findings indicate that it is necessary to take into consideration possible changes in the metabolism of these metals, mainly their associations with long-term hyperglycemia.
ABSTRACT
Background: T2DM is a metabolic disease associated with a group of abnormalities including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, elevated levels of biochemical and inflammatory markers in circulation. This condition predisposes an individual to a number of adverse consequences which include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Aim of the study: To compare the various biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and healthy age-matched controls. Materials and methods: The Study included 22 type of II diabetic patients as cases and 22 normal individuals as controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS complete hematological profile, lipid profile, total protein, c-reactive protein and calcium levels were measured in plasma of T2DM and compare with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected into labeled centrifuge tubes, after an 8–12 h overnight fast, from the subjects by venepuncture. The blood samples were centrifuged at 2000rpm for 10 min using a desktop centrifuge and the serum separated and kept in labeled sample bottles at −70°C until further analysis. Results: The results showed higher concentrations of RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, and lymphocytes in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients and lower concentrations of WBC, platelets, MCV, MCH, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients. Serum lipid profiles in plasma of control and T2DM patients. The results showed high levels of serum lipid profiles including cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol ratio in healthy age-matched controls when compared with T2DM patients. In contrast, the levels of triglycerides were found to be lower in healthy controls when compared with T2DM patients. The results showed that levels of plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, HbA1c were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2DM Jaiprabu Jayaraj, Pandiamunian Jayabal. Analysis of various biochemical parameters of T2DM patients and healthy controls. IAIM, 2019; 6(7): 1-6. Page 2 patients when compared with those without T2DM (healthy controls). There were also significantly (p<0.01) low levels of total bilirubin, ALT, total protein, albumin, total calcium in plasma of TDM patients when compared with plasma from healthy age-matched controls. Conclusion: The findings in this study support the hypothesis that low-grade systemic inflammation is an underlying factor in the pathogenesis of T2DM and also a common antecedent for both T2DM and CVD. The data from this particular study also provide further evidence that inflammatory markers might provide a method for early detection of CVD risk. These data might have many significant implications for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Modification of lifestyle habits and management of systemic inflammation should be the major targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD in T2DM patients